Calculate the Gradient of the Expected Design Effect — calculate_deff

Calculates the analytical gradient of the expected design effect with respect to the selection probability model coefficients beta.

Usage

calculate_deff_gradient(beta, X, pop_pct, u_h_omega, n_h_omega, pi_h, ...)

beta: A numeric vector of coefficients for the selection probability model.
X: A model matrix for the strata (H rows x K columns).
pop_pct: A numeric vector of the population proportion in each stratum.
u_h_omega: A numeric vector of the number of un-responded units in each stratum.
n_h_omega: A numeric vector of the number of already responded units in each stratum.
pi_h: A numeric vector of the estimated response propensity in each stratum.
...: Additional arguments (not used, for compatibility with optimisers).

A numeric vector representing the gradient.